Jul 15

Why Is My Dog Peeing a Lot?

If you've noticed your dog is needing to go outside more frequently or having accidents in the house, it's essential to understand the possible reasons behind this change. Increased urination in dogs can be due to several factors, including hydration levels, age, and underlying medical conditions. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you determine why your dog might be peeing a lot and what steps to take.

How Much Should Dogs Pee?

The amount a dog should pee can vary based on several factors, including age, size, diet, and overall health.

Adult Dogs

Healthy adult dogs typically produce about 20-40 milliliters of urine per kilogram of body weight over 24 hours. For example, a 20-pound dog would produce about 6-12 ounces of urine daily, while a 45-pound dog would produce about 14-28 ounces. Generally, adult dogs can hold their urine for 6-8 hours.

Puppies

Puppies will urinate more frequently due to their developing bodies and ongoing potty training. As a rule of thumb, puppies can hold their urine for their age in months plus one hour. For instance, a 2-month-old puppy can hold it for about 2 hours. Puppies should be taken out to urinate every 2-6 hours, depending on their age.

Senior Dogs

Older dogs may need to urinate more frequently due to underlying health issues or cognitive dysfunction, which might cause them to forget they’ve already urinated or that they should urinate outside.

When to See a Vet for Frequent or Excessive Urination

Frequent urination or increased volume isn't typically an emergency, but you should consult your veterinarian if you notice other symptoms, such as:

Vomiting
Blood in the urine
Straining to urinate with no or small amounts of urine produced
Lethargy
Known toxin ingestion
Not eating for over 24 hours
Pus from the vulva

Reasons Why Your Dog Is Peeing a Lot

Medical Conditions

Polyuria

Polyuria is the production of large amounts of urine and can be caused by several conditions:

Kidney Failure or Infections: When kidneys fail to filter waste effectively, it leads to increased urination. Bacterial infections can also cause polyuria.
Diabetes Mellitus: High blood sugar levels lead to increased urination as the body attempts to eliminate excess glucose.
Diabetes Insipidus: This rare condition results in an inability to respond to or produce antidiuretic hormone, leading to increased urination.
Cushing’s Disease: Overproduction of cortisol from the adrenal glands causes increased thirst and urination.
Hyperthyroidism: Though rare in dogs, hyperthyroidism can cause increased urination.
Pyometra: This life-threatening infection of the uterus in unspayed female dogs leads to increased urination due to bacterial toxins affecting kidney function.
Hypercalcemia: Elevated blood calcium levels can result in increased urination.
Cancer: Certain cancers, particularly those affecting the urinary tract, can increase urine production.
Liver Infection: Bacterial infections, such as Leptospirosis, can increase urine production.
Electrolyte Imbalances: Imbalances in sodium or potassium can cause increased urination.
Medication Side Effects: Some medications, such as diuretics and corticosteroids, can increase urination.
Psychogenic Polydipsia: This behavioral condition causes dogs to drink more water than needed, resulting in increased urination.

Pollakiuria

Pollakiuria is frequent urination of small amounts and can be caused by:

Bladder Infections: Bacterial infections often lead to increased frequency and urgency to urinate.
Bladder or Urethral Stones: Stones can irritate the bladder lining, causing frequent, small urinations.
Cancers of the Bladder: These can cause difficulty urinating or increased frequency.
Prostate Issues: Infections or cancer in the prostate gland can affect urination.

Non-Medical Reasons

Diet: Low-protein or high-sodium diets can increase urination.
Increased Activity: Exercise causes water loss, leading to increased thirst and urination.
Heat: Dogs drink more in warmer weather, leading to more frequent urination.
Age: Puppies and senior dogs often urinate more frequently.
Bad Weather: Dogs may hold their urine during thunderstorms or rain, resulting in larger urinations when they finally do go.

How Vets Evaluate Excessive Urination in Dogs

Vets can run various tests to determine the underlying cause of your dog’s increased urination:

Bloodwork: To assess kidney and liver function, electrolytes, and blood cell counts.
Urinalysis: To evaluate the urine’s concentration and check for blood, crystals, white blood cells, and bacteria.
Urine Culture and Sensitivity: To identify bacterial growth and the most effective antibiotic.
X-rays and Ultrasounds: To check for stones, tumors, or other abnormalities in the urinary tract.
Specific Tests: For conditions like Cushing’s disease or hypercalcemia.

Treatments for Excessive Peeing in Dogs

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

Psychogenic Polydipsia: Managed with water restriction.
Kidney Failure: Treatment ranges from fluid therapy to hospitalization and dietary changes.
Medication Side Effects: Often resolve with time; dose adjustments may be necessary.
Kidney or Urinary Tract Infections: Treated with antibiotics and sometimes pain medications.
Diabetes Mellitus: Managed with insulin therapy.
Cushing’s Disease: Treated with medications like trilostane.
Bladder Stones: Some can be dissolved with diet changes; others may require surgery.
Prostatitis: Treated with antibiotics and pain relief.
Pyometra: Typically requires surgical removal of the uterus.
Cancer: Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation.
Liver Infection: Often requires hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.
Electrolyte Imbalances: Treatment varies based on the specific imbalance and cause.

Conclusion

If your dog is peeing more than usual, it's important to identify the underlying cause. Consult your veterinarian to get a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Regular monitoring and timely intervention can help ensure your dog's health and well-being. For more information and resources on pet health, visit K9Reproduction.com.