Canine Pseudopregnancy

Introduction

Canine pseudopregnancy, also known as false pregnancy or pseudocyesis, is a common and normal physiological process in female dogs. It typically occurs 45-60 days after a normal estrous (heat) period and is not associated with any reproductive organ disorders. This condition is characterized by hormonal changes that lead to various physical and behavioral signs, mimicking those of a true pregnancy.

Causes of Pseudopregnancy

Pseudopregnancy occurs due to hormonal fluctuations following ovulation. After ovulation, progesterone levels rise and then begin to fall, leading to an increase in the hormone prolactin. Prolactin is responsible for most of the behaviors and physical changes seen during a pseudopregnancy episode.

Hormonal Changes

Progesterone: After ovulation, progesterone levels rise to prepare the body for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels begin to decline.
Prolactin: The decrease in progesterone triggers an increase in prolactin, which is responsible for maternal behaviors and physical changes such as mammary development and milk production.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of pseudopregnancy can vary but commonly include:

Behavioral Changes

Mothering of Toys: Dogs may adopt toys and treat them as if they were puppies.
Nesting: Some dogs may exhibit nesting behaviors, such as creating a comfortable space for imaginary puppies.
Aggression: Increased aggression can occur, especially if the dog is protective of her toys or nesting area.

Physical Changes

Mammary Development: The mammary glands may become enlarged and produce milk.
Weight Gain: Some dogs may experience weight gain similar to that seen in true pregnancy.

Induced Pseudopregnancy

Pseudopregnancy can also be acutely induced by spaying a dog near the end of estrus. Spaying removes the source of progesterone (the ovaries), leading to a rise in prolactin. To reduce the incidence of pseudopregnancy induced by spaying, it is recommended to delay the surgery for 8-10 weeks after the end of estrus.

Management and Treatment

Most cases of pseudopregnancy do not require medical treatment and will resolve on their own within a few weeks. However, certain management strategies can help reduce the duration and severity of symptoms.

Behavioral Management

Reduce Stimulation: Remove toys and objects that the dog may mother to reduce stimulation for the behaviors.
Stop Self-Nursing: Use e-collars or t-shirts to prevent the dog from nursing on herself.

Medical Intervention

In cases of severe behavioral changes, such as aggression or extreme agitation, or physical problems like mastitis, medical intervention may be necessary. Veterinary-prescribed medications can help reduce the effects of prolactin. These medications include cabergoline, which is effective but can be expensive.

Health Screening

Dogs exhibiting signs of pseudopregnancy for longer than eight weeks should be screened for underlying diseases that may prolong the condition. These diseases include hypothyroidism and liver dysfunction, which can alter hormone metabolism.

Prevention Canine Pseudopregnancy

The only permanent way to prevent pseudopregnancy is through spaying. Spaying not only prevents pseudopregnancy but also eliminates the risk of reproductive organ disorders and reduces the risk of certain cancers.

Conclusion to Canine Pseudopregnancy

Canine pseudopregnancy is a normal and common condition resulting from hormonal changes after a heat period. While it can cause various behavioral and physical changes, most cases resolve without medical intervention. Understanding the signs and managing the symptoms can help ensure the well-being of your dog. For persistent or severe cases, consulting with a veterinarian is essential for appropriate treatment and management.